A L Nathan of the London Hotel

by David Thompson

In December 1922, Alfred Lewis Nathan retired as publican of the London Hotel, Beach Street selling the hotel to Mrs Emily Elsie Cotter of the Wayside Inn, City Road, South Melbourne intending to take a trip to Europe in May the following year.^[1]

A L Nathan had taken over the license of the hotel from Alfred Levy on 29 August 1888.^[2] Initially leasing the building until he was able to purchase the freehold in October 1912 for £7,000.^[3]

The license was formally transferred to Mrs Cotter on 15 January 1923 with the notice in the Argus connecting her to the Royal Hotel, Esplanade, St Kilda.^[4] Perhaps Mrs Cotter was adding a Port Melbourne hotel to her holdings in South Melbourne and St Kilda.

On his retirement, a lengthy article in the Record newspaper celebrated A L Nathan’s thirty-five years as a publican allowing ALN, as he refers to himself, to reminisce in his own words ^[5] even though, to nit-pick, Nathan was about 7 months shy of the thirty-five year mark when he retired.

Alfred Lewis Nathan was born on 3 July 1860 in Collins Street, Melbourne. His parents were old settlers originally coming from London, UK. He attended the Model School and Scotch College. After leaving school he worked in the tobacco trade under A D Hart at the Virginia Tobacco Factory. Staying in the tobacco industry he then joined Robert Dixon & Co in Adelaide. While in South Australia, A L Nathan took an interest in football and played with South Adelaide.^[6]

Returning to Melbourne in 1882 he became a town and country traveller for Cohen Bros, furniture wholesalers before taking on the license for the London Hotel in August 1888.^[7]

An accommodation guide in The Herald a few months later lists the hotel as ‘… facing Railway Pier … bus terminus at door. Eight single beds and three double beds vacant.’^[8] By May 1890, A L Nathan was able to advertise his London Family Hotel with … 

“Only Liquors of the first-class quality kept in Stock.

Visitors will receive every attention and accommodation at this well-known hostelry, which is situated close to shipping and train.

Two splendid Billiard Tables, on the premises, for the use of patrons.“ ^[9]

As was common in the newspapers of the day, The Standard editorialised on the quality of The London Hotel in its “Item of News” column noting that A L Nathan had become the proprietor of “one of the oldest and most respected hostelries in the Port“, repeating many of the features listed in the advertisement and even directing readers to look for the advertisement elsewhere in the paper.^[10]

Family may have been foremost on A L Nathan’s mind as he and Sarah Levy had married on 10 April 1889^[11] and a daughter was born at the hotel on 29 January 1890.^[12] A son followed on 6 June 1891^[13] and a further two daughters on 12 June 1894 ^[14] and 3 August 1899.^[15] No further record has been found of his son and he only mentions his three daughters in the newspaper article on his retirement in 1923. ^[16]

Of course the family hotel was not always a peaceful place. A L Nathan often found himself in the local court. Testifying against people using obscene language ^[17] [18] and on one particular occasion when asked in court by the accused, “Did you kick me twice when you were putting me out?”. Nathan replied “Yes, and I ought to have given you more”. ^[19]

On another occasion a customer attempted to cash a suspicious cheque ^[20] and at another time it appears someone was passing dodgy £5 notes prompting the Standard newspaper to report that “Mr A L Nathan has one of Sparks’s £5 notes in his possession. He would rather have Sparks than the note however.” ^[21]

Over the years items were stolen from the hotel. A commercial traveller’s rub was taken in January 1905. ^[22] And on two occasions, nine years apart, a doormat was stolen from outside the hotel. On the second occasion the culprit was sentenced to three days’ imprisonment even though the mat was returned. ^[23] [24]

Possibly the most violent event happened late one Thursday night in June 1890 when several seamen from a ship berthed at Town Pier forcibly took over the hotel. The barman refused to serve them any more drink and they started using obscene language and one of them struck the barman. Constable Donovan was attracted by the noise and arrived in time to see the assault. A L Nathan then entered the room and was struck on the nose by one of the seamen. When Constable Donovan moved to assist, he was also struck and they fought for about half an hour until another customer, Antonio Bruno, came to their rescue. Subsequently at the Port Melbourne Court the bench heard that if Bruno had not intervened it would have ended badly for the constable and Mr Nathan.  Duncan McDonald, one of the accused, who appeared with his face swollen and bruised, said he did not remember what happened except the fact of the constable using his ‘stick’ freely. McDonald was found guilty and fined for assaulting Constable Donovan and A L Nathan. ^[25] [26]

A L Nathan was not always a witness at court. Sometimes he was the defendant. An occupational hazard of being a publican was being charged with having the bar door unlocked, effectively serving alcohol outside of opening hours. Often the defence was that the customers were bone fide travellers and were being served beer with their meal. It doesn’t seem that this was very effective and a fine was often imposed. ^{[27] [28] [29] [30]}

More serious was a charge in March 1893 of selling watered-down rum. Nathan denied knowing anything about the offence claiming the drink must have been tampered with without his knowledge. The bench accepted this statement but still issued a fine with costs.^[31]

On the whole, though, A L Nathan was on good terms with the police and was a leading Port Melbourne citizen. He proposed a toast to the organisers of Constable Donovan’s farewell banquet when the constable was assigned to Prahran. He was also listed amongst the people presenting a song or recitation at the farewell.^[32] Nathan attended a testimonial for Constable Radburn when he was moving to Gippsland having been stationed at West Port for about six years.^[33]

A L Nathan organised a moonlight trip down the bay on the excursion steamer Ozone for the Mayor and various Port Melbourne societies^[34] and spoke at a farewell function for fellow publican, Mr P Gleeson, when he left the Victoria Hotel. ^[35] He was treasurer and caterer for the complimentary banquet for Dr Malcolmson at the Town Hall in October 1894. ^[36] [37] He was also involved in farewell functions for bank staff ^{[38] [39] [40]}, Dr Glen A Knight who was leaving to serve at a hospital during WWI ^[41] as well as various Council functions and celebrations.^[42] [43]

While he didn’t stand for election himself he did join with other prominent citizens in publicly supporting F W Poolman in the 1893 Council Elections^[44] and provided a buggy to the local Federation Committee that was working in June 1898 to advance the cause for Federation.^[45] There was no doubting which camp The Standard newspaper was in when it led its “Electric Sparks” column in the issue of the paper circulated on 11 June 1898 with “Federation all right! Bravo Port Melbourne.”^[46]

His wife, Sarah, also attended these functions when it was appropriate for ladies to do so. There was a Pleasant Afternoon at the Bowling Club in May 1895 ^[47] and a ball for the Bowling Club at the Town Hall in October that year, to name just two. ^[48]  

It seems Sarah Nathan was a fine singer. She is the first person named in an advertisement for a Concert and Entertainment in aid of the Local Distress Relief Fund held in July 1895. ^[49] Having inadvertently left her name of the advertisement in a subsequent issue, The Standard assured readers that Mrs Nathan would be singing “Whisper and I Shall Hear” at the concert.^[50] She was part of an operatic entertainment at the New Hall, Montague St, South Melbourne in October 1896 ^[51] and performed “Look Back”, a song by Pinsuti, at a concert for Mr J T Gordon also held in South Melbourne.^[52] She sang “The Three Wishes” by request at the Swallow and Ariell Band concert in May 1900. ^[53]

Misfortune struck Sarah Nathan on Monday 5 October 1903 when a gold arrow brooch that she was wearing at 9.00 am had disappeared from her dress by 11.00 am, presumed stolen. The brooch carried the inscription “Presented to A. L. Nathan by his mother on his 27^th birthday.” The original piece had been altered into a brooch for Sarah to wear. History doesn’t record if the brooch was recovered. ^[54]

The Nathans were generous in their support of local fundraising appeals. A L Nathan took up a collection for Mrs Elliott and her children when they were burnt out of their residence in Station Street.^[55] He also contributed a donation towards the memorial service in honour of the Chief Rabbi organised by the two Melbourne and the St Kilda congregations.^[56] In early 1900, he raised £3 10s for the Melbourne Hospital by selling tickets to the balcony of the hotel to view the departure of Victorian troops to the war in South Africa.^[57] [58] The balcony was also made available the departure of the Bushmen’s Corp in April that same year.^[59] In 1901, he again made the balcony available for people to watch the departure of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York to raise money for the Port Melbourne Federal Disaster Relief Fund to aid the survivors of the wreck of the steamship Federal. ^[60] [61] He contributed to the Mayor’s Relief Fund for bushfire victims in 1906.^[62] Nathan contributed to local fundraising efforts during the First World War such as the £5 5s he donated to the Belgium Relief Fund in 1915^[63] and the donation he made towards the memorial to Victorian Jewish Soldiers in 1917.^[64]

The Great War, however, was not a great boon to some hotels in Port Melbourne. A L Nathan was among the signatories of a letter to The Argus in December 1917 stating that for the previous eight or nine months, hotels in the vicinity of Town and Railway Piers had been ordered to close for three to four hours when troopships were arriving or departing. Their argument was that some hotels within a mile of the piers were not subject to the same restrictions and that since the troops were embarking from the New Pier (later to become Princes Pier) and were taken there directly by train, there was little opportunity for them to visit the affected hotels. The publicans went on to stress that they were not asking for permission to serve refreshments to the troops but “simply be permitted to serve and retain our local civilian trade only”. ^[65]

Tensions surrounding the serving of refreshments to troops must have remained for some time as A L Nathan and T G Ashton (Chequers Hotel) wrote to The Argus in January 1919 stating “Entirely incorrect in the inference in the letter of ‘A Resident’ in ‘The Argus’ of today that hotelkeepers in Port Melbourne supplied intoxicating liquor to drunken soldiers on December 28”. ^[66]

A L Nathan supported several local sporting clubs. He was closely involved in the early days of the Port Melbourne Swimming Club in the late 1880s. He was elected as one of the Vice Presidents at the club’s first annual meeting in November 1889.^[67] A swimming programme at Watson’s Baths later that summer was published in The Standard lists him among the fourteen Vice Presidents.^[68] A L Nathan was not just a Vice President of the club in those early years, ^[69] [70] he also, on at least one occasion, provided the second-place trophy for one of the races – Capt Malcolmson’s Members Handicap over 200 yards. ^[71]

In the early 1890s he was also a bowler at the West Port Melbourne Bowling Club choosing a team for a friendly match against a team chosen by the President of the club, James Wilson, in February 1891^[72] and playing on the No 1 rink on the opening day in October that year.^[73] He was key to the success of the club’s 1891 annual banquet at the Clare Castle Hotel as The Standard lists him among a small number of gentlemen who “contributed to the harmony of the evening”.^[74]

Given A L Nathan’s interest in football when he was in Adelaide it is not unexpected that he was also associated with the Port Melbourne Football Club. He is listed among the Vice Presidents at the club’s sixth annual meeting held at the Town Hall in March 1892^[75] and attended a Complimentary Smoke Night presented by J J Bartlett Jnr to honour the club’s win over South Melbourne in June that same year. No doubt a significant victory causing A L Nathan to promise “that if the Ports would beat South Melbourne in the return match, he would give the captain of the team £3 3s to do as he thought fit with” which was met with loud applause.^[76] At the conclusion of the 1904 season, J Croft won a half-guinea hat, provided by Nathan, as the player who kicked the most goals during the season,^[77] and Nathan was thanked by the committee after a victory over Essendon in 1912 for a financial donation.^[78]

One of Nathan’s more unusual contributions to the football club occurred at a carnival held in 1895. One of the attractions was a racing game where a Mr Roy and a Mr Cornelius were “shouting themselves hoarse” trying to extract a few more shillings from those attending. They were having some success until A L Nathan and H H Hayman announced that they had a machine filled with cigars which were to be “almost given away”. There was also another machine nearby known as the “New Race Game, conducted by Messrs G & H Thyme”. In the end everything worked out alright and “thanks were even tendered to Mr Nathan for the loan of his Cigar Poker Machine, and the present of over a hundred cigars”.^[79]

Perhaps because of his generous nature, A L Nathan expected others to also honour their promises. At the Football Club annual meeting in 1892 he asked for the names of two supporters who had promised to make donations but had failed to keep their promise. The Chairman, F T Derham, did not think it wise to make this a public matter.^[80] He was also not averse to taking people who owed him money to court. ^[81] [82]

Is it a surprise to anyone that at the general meeting of the Port Melbourne Cricket Club in September 1906, A L Nathan was listed as one of the Vice Presidents ^[83] and two years later as a patron of the club.^[84] In October 1913 a smoke night was given at the London Hotel in honour of the first eleven winning the premiership with J J Bartlett and A L Nathan providing many of the trophies presented on the night.^[85] At the annual meeting in September 1914, special mention was made “of the kindness of Messrs J J Bartlett and A L Nathan, for their handsome donations”.^[86] Nathan was still donating to the cricket club in 1919.^[87]

A L Nathan had a keen nose of business. In February 1892 he leased a jetty known as Stewart and White’s pier and was offering berths to “boatmen, fishermen and others” at reasonable rates.^[88] When he heard that Council were planning to spend money to repair nearby Donaldson’s Jetty, he wrote to them objecting that ratepayer’s money should not be used for this purpose stating “if the Council had any money to spare it could very well be spent on the roads”.^[89]

With the London Hotel’s proximity to the wharves and the railway A L Nathan was well aware of where many of his clientele came from. Nathan attended and contributed prizes to the Railway Workshops’ annual picnic in Mornington in February, 1892.^[90] He then contributed to the prize money for the winner of the Youth’s 100 yard handicap race at the Workshops picnic, also at Mornington, the following year.^[91] He contributed to the prize money for the winner of a bicycle race at the Steverdores’ Labourers’ Association picnic at Heidelberg in 1901^[92] and made a general contribution to the Port Phillip Stevedores’ Association pleasure excursion to Bacchus Marsh in 1918.^[93] Presumably these were not the only occasions that A L Nathan contributed to these sorts of outings.

A L Nathan was active in the Victorian Licensed Victuallers’ Association and was appointed as one of the delegates attending the national conferences in Adelaide in 1905^[94] and Queensland in 1906.^[95] It was at this latter conference in Brisbane that Nathan claims to have saved the life of his fellow delegate J J Liston.

At the time of Nathan’s retirement, Cr J J Liston was the Mayor of Williamstown and Nathan remembers the story thus. “This gentleman [Liston] gave indications of developing the most dangerous malady influenza. I went straight off to the chemist’s and purchased a bottle of ammoniated tincture of quinine. As I considered the case called for heroic treatment, I acted on the principle of kill or cure, by giving him the contents of the whole bottle for a dose. My treatment was successful, so his worship owes his life, you see, to ALN”.^[96] J J Liston also served as President of Williamstown Football Club from 1923 to 1933 and became President of the Victorian Football Association (VFA) in 1929. After his eventual death in 1944, the J J Liston Trophy was established and has been presented each year since 1945 to the best player in the league.^[97]  It seems the Victorian football community also owes a debt of gratitude to A L Nathan for saving Liston’s life.

The Nathan’s eldest daughter Bec got engaged to Joseph H Morris from North Unley, South Australia in October 1920.^[98] They were married at the East Melbourne Synagogue on 22 March the following year with the reception held at Café Francatelli.^[99]

As noted earlier in this article, A L Nathan sold the London Hotel in December 1922 and transferred the license to Mrs Emily Cotter in January 1923. The Nathans moved to “Yamba”, Springfield Avenue, East St Kilda and in April visited their daughter, Bec (Mrs J H Morris), in Adelaide. ^[100]

Their youngest daughter, Violet, got engaged to Louis Alexander in June 1923. At the time, the couple were described in the “Melbourne Chatter” section of the Australian Jewish Herald as “popular members of Melbourne’s younger set”.^[101] Violet wore an ivory crepe royale gown woven with fleur-de-lys with bands of silver lace at her wedding to Louis on 2 June 1924 at the Bourke Street Synagogue. Afterwards 130 guests enjoyed a wedding dinner at Carlyon’s, St Kilda.^[102]

Mr and Mrs Nathan spent some months in Sydney the second half of 1926 returning to Melbourne in October. ^[103] By mid December, A L Nathan was a patient at the Mount St Evin’s private hospital ^[104] where he died on 6 January 1927, aged 66 years.^[105]

In September that year, the Nathan’s second daughter, Vera, got engaged to Harold Barkla.^[106] Further research has not been able to find record of a marriage. In fact, over the next few years Miss Vera Nathan travelled to Adelaide on a number of occasions. Seemingly by herself in September 1928^[107] and with her mother in August 1929^[108] and June 1930^[109] showing that she was still unmarried almost three years later.

The News (Adelaide), Saturday 21 January 1933 reported …

“Mrs A L Nathan, of Springfield Avenue, East Melbourne [sic], who has been visiting Adelaide with her family during the Test cricket, returned by the express yesterday. Her niece, Mrs John Penhall, of Adelaide accompanied her“.^[110]

It doesn’t seem that Vera accompanied her mother on this trip, however it is possible, but it does seem possible that Mrs Nathan may have attended the Test match otherwise it is an unusual thing to mention in a snippet about her visit to Adelaide.

Sarah Nathan died on 25 May 1936 at “Rio Grande”, 373 Dandenong Road, Armadale. A Minyan service was held at 79 Lumeah Road, Caulfield at 7.30pm, 28 May. The death notice in The Age lists her three daughters, Rebecca, Vera and Violet. While Bec and Violet are also referenced by their married names, Vera is not. A further notice lists Sarah’s grandchildren, Alfred and Joan Morris (Bec’s children) and Patricia and Judith Alexander (Violet’s children).^[111]

For over 3 decades Alfred and Sarah Nathan were prominent citizens of Port Melbourne running the London Hotel at the corner of Beach and Princes Streets. They generously supported local sporting clubs, other organisations and local causes. Along with other leading citizens they attended many social and council functions and on several (many?) occasions provided part of the entertainment, especially Sarah.

---

^[1] 1922 [Untitled article after] ‘SOUTH MELBOURNE TECHNICAL SCHOOL.’, Record (Emerald Hill, Vic. : 1881 – 1954), 23 December, p. 1. , viewed 06 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162534515

^[2] 1888 ‘METROPOLITAN LICENSING COURT.’, The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 – 1954), 29 August, p. 3. , viewed 06 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article241438392

^[3] 1912 ‘ELECTRIC SPARKS.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 2 November, p. 3. , viewed 06 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165160787

^[4] 1923 ‘Classified Advertising’, The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1957), 6 January, p. 14. , viewed 06 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1867295

^[5] 1923 ‘PORT PUBLICAN RETIRES’, Record (Emerald Hill, Vic. : 1881 – 1954), 13 January, p. 8. , viewed 06 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162540522

^[6] Ibid

^[7] Ibid

^[8] 1888 ‘OUR VISITORS’ GUIDE.’, The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 – 1954), 3 November, p. 7. , viewed 06 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article241522494

^[9] 1890 ‘Advertising’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 3 May, p. 1. , viewed 06 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164424079

^[10] 1890 ‘Items of News.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 3 May, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164424080

^[11] 1889 ‘Family Notices’, The Australasian (Melbourne, Vic. : 1864 – 1946), 27 April, p. 50. , viewed 06 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article139699453

^[12] 1890 ‘Family Notices’, The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1957), 3 February, p. 1. , viewed 06 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8587095

^[13] 1891 ‘Family Notices’, The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1957), 13 June, p. 1. , viewed 06 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8628199

^[14] 1894 ‘Family Notices’, The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1957), 16 June, p. 1. , viewed 06 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8677285

^[15] 1899 ‘Family Notices’, The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1957), 12 August, p. 5. , viewed 06 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article9534542

^[16] 1923 ‘PORT PUBLICAN RETIRES’, Record (Emerald Hill, Vic. : 1881 – 1954), 13 January, p. 8. , viewed 06 Feb 2023,http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162540522

^[17] 1892 ‘WEDNESDAY, December 14th. Before the Mayor (Mr. J.J, Bartlett). J.P.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 17 December, p. 2. , viewed 17 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165168432

^[18] 1908 ‘OFFENSIVE BEHAVIOUR.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 22 February, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164952352

^[19] 1903 ‘KICKED HIM OUT.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 27 June, p. 3. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164944532

^[20] 1901 ‘Items of News.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 26 January, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164947496

^[21] 1901 ‘ELECTRIC SPARKS.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 3 August, p. 3. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164945988

^[22] 1905 ‘A RUG STOLEN.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 28 January, p. 3. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164438134

^[23] 1897 ‘REPORTED TO THE POLICE.’, The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 – 1954), 11 May, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article241121672

^[24] 1906 ‘THEFT OF A DOCUMENT [sic].’, The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 – 1954), 25 October, p. 4. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242553196

^[25] 1890 ‘AFFRAY BETWEEN SEAMEN AND POLICE.’, The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 – 1954), 13 June, p. 1. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242112966

^[26] 1890 ‘POLICE NEWS.’, The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 – 1954), 14 June, p. 7. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article196967084

^[27] 1889 ‘BREACHES OF THE LICENSING ACT.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 28 September, p. 3. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164430796

^[28] 1891 ‘PORT MELBOURNE POLICE COURT.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 21 March, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164429339

^[29] 1893 ‘HOTEL PROSECUTIONS.’, The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1957), 11 August, p. 3. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8679733

^[30] 1919 ‘ELECTRIC SPARKS.’, Port Melbourne Standard (Vic. : 1914 – 1920), 15 November, p. 3. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165262494

^[31] 1893 ‘EXCISE PROSECUTIONS.’, The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 – 1954), 16 March, p. 4. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article241462369

^[32] 1892 ‘BANQUET TO CONSTABLE DONOVAN.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 2 April, p. 3. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165171193

^[33] 1894 ‘A TESTIMONIAL’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 30 June, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165166129

^[34] 1891 ‘Items of News’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 28 March, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164423034

^[35] Mr. P. Gleeson. (1908, December 19). Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), p. 2. Retrieved February 9, 2023, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164950613

^[36] 1894 ‘Items of News.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 6 October, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165170109

^[37] 1894 ‘BANQUET TO DR. MALCOLMSON.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 20 October, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165168853

^[38] 1908 ‘MR. CLAUDE LEWIS.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 25 January, p. 4. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164955811

^[39] 1913 ‘BANK MANAGER’S HOLIDAY.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 5 April, p. 3. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165163599

^[40] 1915 ‘BANK MANAGER’S FAREWELL.’, Port Melbourne Standard (Vic. : 1914 – 1920), 14 August, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article91167158

^[41] 1915 ‘WARWARDS.’, Port Melbourne Standard (Vic. : 1914 – 1920), 15 May, p. 3. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article91165883

^[42] 1892 “THE MAYOR’S BALL.” Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914) 25 June, p. 2. viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165165415.

^[43] 1892 ‘PRESENTATION TO THE MAYORESS.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 10 September, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165167257

^[44] 1893 ‘Advertising’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 15 July, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165165748

^[45] 1898 ‘ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 18 June, p. 3. , viewed 10 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165317791

^[46] 1898 ‘ELECTRIC SPARKS.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 11 June, p. 3. , viewed 10 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165315159

^[47] 1895 ‘A PLEASANT AFTERNOON.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 18 May, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165166198

^[48] 1895 ‘THE GREAT BALL.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 12 October, p. 3. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165168340

^[49] 1895 ‘Advertising’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 29 June, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165167003

^[50] 1895 ‘Items of News.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 29 June, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165167005

^[51] 1896 ‘Items of News.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 19 September, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165318048

^[52] 1896 ‘COMPLIMENTARY CONCERT TO MR. J. T. GORDON.’, Record (Emerald Hill, Vic. : 1881 – 1954), 10 October, p. 3. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article108481608

^[53] 1900 ‘ELECTRIC SPARKS.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 26 May, p. 3. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164947645

^[54] 1903 ‘Items of News.’, Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 – 1914), 10 October, p. 2. , viewed 09 Feb 2023, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164946754

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